Experiencing a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) while pregnant is a common concern due to the numerous hormonal and physical changes the body undergoes. These changes can make expectant mothers more prone to UTIs. UTIs are the most common bacterial infection in pregnancy, and if you’re pregnant, you have a 1 in 10 chance of having one. Untreated UTIs can progress to kidney infections, leading to complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight, posing risks to both mother and baby. 

Understanding UTI symptoms, treatment options, and preventive measures is crucial for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Read on to learn more about managing and preventing UTIs while pregnant.

Can you get a UTI while pregnant?

Yes, UTIs can occur during pregnancy. The changes in the body during this time can make women more vulnerable to UTIs. As the uterus expands, it puts pressure on the tubes transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder. This pressure can dilate the ureters, causing urine to accumulate. 

Additionally, hormonal fluctuations, such as those influenced by Progesterone, contribute to the risk of UTIs. Progesterone relaxes the smooth muscles in the urinary tract, slowing down urine flow and creating an environment favorable for bacterial growth. 

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) is another significant risk factor for developing a UTI during pregnancy. ASB occurs when bacteria are present in the urine without causing any obvious symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection. If left untreated, ASB can progress to a full-blown UTI. Therefore, healthcare providers recommend screening for ASB at the first prenatal visit. Detecting and treating ASB promptly can significantly reduce the risk of developing a UTI to only 3-4%.

Moreover, medical procedures like urinary catheterization during labor and alterations in bladder function post-childbirth can introduce bacteria, further elevating the chances of UTIs. Hence, it’s important to recognize these factors and take preventative measures to manage and treat UTIs effectively during pregnancy, ensuring the well-being of both mother and child.

Symptoms and diagnosis of UTI during pregnancy

Urine culture test
Urine culture test

The symptoms of UTI while pregnant are similar to those experienced by non-pregnant individuals. The most common symptoms include:

  • Pain or burning sensation during urination (Dysuria): This is often described as a stinging or burning feeling when you pass urine
  • Increased frequency of urination: You may find yourself needing to urinate more frequently than usual, even if the amount of urine passed is small
  • Urgency: You may feel a strong, persistent urge to urinate, even when your bladder is not full
  • Suprapubic pain and tenderness: This refers to pain and tenderness felt in the lower abdomen, precisely above the pubic bone
Fact
Dysuria is commonly associated with UTIs but can also be caused by other conditions, such as bladder infections, kidney stones, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), or Urinary Tract Inflammation.

It’s important to note that not all individuals with a UTI will experience all of these signs and symptoms. Some may have only one or two, while others may have a combination. You must notify your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or experiencing these signs. It might help them evaluate your condition better and ensure a prompt and accurate diagnosis. 

Your healthcare provider will likely collect a urine sample for:

It’s important to conduct these tests before starting antibiotic treatment, as the presence of antibiotics in your system can affect the accuracy of the results. 

How to treat a UTI while pregnant?

The treatment for UTI while pregnant typically involves a course of antibiotics. The choice of the right antibiotics relies on the bacteria’s sensitivity, as identified in the urine culture, and considers the safety of pregnant individuals.

Here is a general outline of the treatment and certain considerations for UTI while pregnant:

Antibiotic therapy

Your healthcare provider will prescribe safe antibiotics for you and your baby. Commonly prescribed antibiotics for UTIs during pregnancy include:

  • Amoxicillin
  • Ampicillin
  • Cephalosporins
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

It’s crucial to follow the antibiotic prescription precisely and complete the entire treatment course, even if you start feeling better.

Duration of treatment

The duration of antibiotic treatment for UTI while pregnant is typically 3 to 7 days, but it may vary depending on the specific antibiotic prescribed and the severity of the infection. Your doctor will decide how long you should take the medication.

Early treatment

If your UTI symptoms are causing discomfort, your healthcare provider may start your treatment before receiving the urine test results. Prompt treatment can ease symptoms and prevent the infection from escalating.

Follow-up testing

Sometimes, your doctor may recommend follow-up urine testing after you complete the antibiotic treatment. This ensures that the infection has been successfully treated and will not recur.

Also Read: For a closer look at UTI treatment options, check out our article: “UTI Treatment: Effective Strategies for Comfort and Relief.”

Complications of a UTI during pregnancy

UTIs during pregnancy can bring about several complications if not addressed. These include:

  • Kidney infections: A bladder infection can escalate into a kidney infection during pregnancy, potentially leading to severe infections, blood pressure issues, and kidney damage, known as Pyelonephritis
Warning
It is crucial to seek medical assistance without delay upon experiencing symptoms suggestive of Pyelonephritis. A delay in treatment can lead to severe complications such as kidney impairment, Sepsis (a potentially fatal infection spreading throughout the body), and other systemic infections.
  • Preterm labor and premature delivery: UTIs can progress to serious infections, prompting preterm labor, premature delivery, or fetal loss
  • Pre-Eclampsia: Even asymptomatic bacterial urine infections are linked with Pre-Eclampsia, a serious condition causing high blood pressure and affecting organs like the liver, kidney, and brain. If left untreated, it poses risks to both mother and baby
  • Low birth weight: UTIs in pregnancy heighten the risk of low birth weight in newborns
  • Maternal Sepsis: Neglected UTIs can lead to maternal Sepsis, a life-threatening condition needing urgent medical attention
  • Fetal loss: In severe instances, UTIs might result in fetal loss 

Preventing UTIs during pregnancy

Prevention of UTI while pregnant is crucial for maintaining overall health and minimizing the chances of complications. Here are some preventive measures that can help reduce the likelihood of developing a UTI:

  • Hydration: Drink ample amount of water throughout the day. Aim for at least eight glasses of water or more, as this can help flush bacteria out of the urinary tract
  • Hygiene practices: Practice good hygiene, mainly when using the bathroom. After urination or bowel movements, always wipe from front to back
  • Regular prenatal visits and ASB screening: Attend all scheduled prenatal visits and undergo screening for ASB as recommended by your healthcare provider
  • Urination before and after intercourse: Urinate before and after sexual intercourse to help eliminate any potential bacteria. This practice can assist in flushing out bacteria that may have entered the urinary tract
  • Avoid douching: Refrain from using solid deodorants or soaps for feminine hygiene, as they can potentially cause irritation and upset the natural balance of bacteria
  • Gentle genital cleaning: Wash the genital area with warm water and mild, fragrance-free soap
  • Cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing: Opt for breathable cotton underwear that allows air to circulate, keeping the genital area dry and comfortable
  • Showers instead of baths: Opt for showers instead of baths, as baths can increase the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract
  • Frequent urination: Empty your bladder regularly, and avoid holding in urine for extended periods
  • Avoid irritants: Avoid alcohol, citrus juices, spicy foods, and caffeinated drinks, as these substances can irritate the bladder and potentially contribute to UTI symptoms

Conclusion

Experiencing a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) while pregnant can be concerning due to the body’s hormonal and physical changes, making expectant mothers more prone to such infections. If not treated, UTIs can lead to severe complications like kidney infections, preterm labor, and low birth weight, posing risks to both mother and baby. 

Pregnant women can take proactive steps to reduce the risk of UTIs by staying hydrated, practicing good hygiene, emptying the bladder before and after intercourse, and avoiding irritants. Regular prenatal visits are vital in screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria, where bacteria are present in the urine without causing symptoms. Early detection and management of UTIs through prenatal care are essential for ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

With prompt attention and preventive measures, pregnant women can effectively manage UTIs and ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy for themselves and their babies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can UTI in pregnancy affect the baby?

Yes, UTIs during pregnancy can impact the baby’s health if untreated, potentially causing preterm birth, low birth weight, or kidney infections. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to mitigate these risks and ensure the well-being of both mother and baby throughout pregnancy.

How long can a UTI go untreated?

The duration of an untreated UTI can vary, but it is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as symptoms arise. It is not advisable to leave a UTI untreated, as it can persist and worsen over time, leading to complications such as kidney infections. 

What if bacteria is present in urine during pregnancy?

If bacteria is found in the urine during pregnancy, even without symptoms, it’s called asymptomatic bacteriuria. It should be treated to prevent complications. If left untreated, it can lead to UTIs and increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Screening and treatment are vital. 

Can I take UTI medication while pregnant?

Yes, you can take UTI medication while pregnant. Common antibiotics like Augmentin 375 ( Amoxicillin + Clavulanic), Ampicillin, and Cephalosporins are safe. However, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, especially in the first trimester, should be avoided. Always follow your doctor’s prescription for the safest and most effective treatment.

How can a UTI be treated while pregnant without antibiotics?

While home remedies like drinking cranberry juice or taking supplements may offer some relief, antibiotics are the most effective treatment for UTIs during pregnancy. They swiftly eliminate the infection, reducing risks like kidney problems and preterm labor. Always consult your doctor before trying alternative treatments.

Can UTI while pregnant cause bleeding?

Yes, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) during pregnancy can cause bleeding in the urine. This bleeding can signal various UTIs, such as asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute urethritis, Cystitis, and Pyelonephritis. Pregnant women should seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment.

What are effective home remedies for UTIs during pregnancy?

Effective home remedies for UTIs during pregnancy include drinking ample water to flush out bacteria, consuming unsweetened cranberry juice, urinating when needed, avoiding bladder irritants like coffee and alcohol, wiping from front to back, urinating after intercourse, avoiding irritating feminine products, and considering certain supplements like Vitamin C and probiotics.

Can UTI go away on its own?

In some cases, mild UTIs may resolve on their own without treatment. However, seeking medical attention and receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy is generally recommended to ensure complete eradication of the infection. Untreated UTIs can lead to more severe complications and should not be relied upon to resolve on their own.
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