Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a more serious version of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) that affects women of childbearing age. 

According to ??the International Association For Premenstrual Disorders (IAPMD), it impacts approximately 5.5% of women and individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) who are in their reproductive years.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) involves a range of symptoms that significantly impact individuals. 

Unlike PMS, PMDD symptoms are intense and disruptive, often requiring immediate relief. 

Recognizing and comprehending these symptoms is vital for prompt diagnosis and successful management.

The article discusses various types of symptoms associated with it.

What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

PMDD is an intensified form of PMS with critical symptoms, impacting individuals more significantly during their menstrual cycle.

It is distinguished by severe mental and physical symptoms that appear in the week or two preceding menstruation.

PMS causes discomfort like bloating, headaches, and breast tenderness.

PMDD goes further, causing extreme irritability, anxiety, or depression. 

Although these symptoms typically ease up a few days after your period begins, they can be severe enough to disrupt your daily life.

Recommended Article
Many people are confused about the difference between PMS and PMDD. To gain clarity, read, PMDD vs PMS: What’s the Difference?

Symptoms of PMDD

Symptoms vary in intensity among individuals. Seeking medical advice for proper diagnosis and management is crucial.

They usually persist for a few days to two weeks, with the most intense appearing 6 days before menstruation and reaching their peak 2 days prior.

Some of the symptoms are as follows:

Emotional symptoms

PMS Anxiety
Image of a woman suffering from anxiety

Emotional symptoms of PMDD can range from intense mood swings to feelings of hopelessness, impacting daily life significantly.

Recognizing and addressing these emotional manifestations is crucial for effective management and improving overall well-being.

  • Persistent irritation or rage that might harm other persons: During the premenstrual phase, individuals with PMDD may experience prolonged periods of irritability or anger, leading to conflicts or strained relationships with others
  • Suicidal thoughts or feelings of despair: PMDD can bring about intense emotional lows, including feelings of profound sadness, hopelessness, or suicidal or self-harming thoughts, which call for prompt care and assistance
  • Feelings of tension or anxiety: Heightened levels of stress or anxiety are common symptoms of PMDD, often characterized by a persistent sense of unease, nervousness, or worry
  • Panic attacks: Some individuals with PMDD may experience sudden episodes of panic, with intense dread or discomfort and bodily signs such as sweating, trembling, faster beating heart, or shortness of breath
  • Mood swings or crying often: PMDD can lead to rapid and unpredictable mood swings, from grief and tears to irritation and fury, which can significantly impact daily functioning and emotional well-being
  • Lack of interest in daily activities and relationships: A notable decline in interest or pleasure in usual activities, hobbies, or relationships may occur during the premenstrual phase, contributing to feelings of disconnection or isolation
  • Trouble thinking or focusing: Cognitive symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, or feeling mentally foggy are common experiences for individuals with PMDD, affecting productivity and cognitive performance
  • Feeling out of control: PMDD may evoke a sense of being overwhelmed or powerless over one’s emotions and behaviors, making it challenging to regulate mood and cope with daily stressors effectively
Warning:
Watch out for other symptoms of PMDD that people may not know about, like changes in how you see things, stomach problems, issues with your brain and blood vessels, and changes in how things taste and smell. Keep an eye out for these signs so you can get help if you need it.

Physical symptoms

headache is a side effect
Headache

Physical symptoms of PMDD, such as abdominal cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, and headaches, can significantly impact daily life.

Some of such symptoms are as follows:

  • Cramps: Many individuals with PMDD experience abdominal discomfort or pain, often described as cramping, and the same can range in severity from moderate to severe and impede everyday tasks
  • Bloating: The sensation of abdominal bloating or fullness is a common physical symptom of PMDD, characterized by swelling or distension of the abdomen due to fluid retention or hormonal fluctuations
  • Breast tenderness: Increased sensitivity or soreness in the breasts is a prevalent symptom of PMDD, often occurring in the days leading up to menstruation and resolving once menstruation begins
  • Headaches: Headaches, including tension headaches or migraines, may worsen or become more frequent during the premenstrual phase for individuals with PMDD, contributing to discomfort and decreased quality of life
  • Joint or muscle pain: Some individuals with PMDD may experience aches or pains in the joints or muscles, which can vary in severity and duration, impacting mobility and physical well-being
  • Fatigue or low energy: Feelings of exhaustion, lethargy, or decreased energy levels are common physical symptoms of PMDD, making it challenging to engage in daily tasks or activities with usual vigor or enthusiasm
  • Food cravings or binge eating: Strong desires for particular meals, particularly ones that are heavy in sugar or carbs, may arise during the premenstrual phase, leading to episodes of overeating or binge eating, which can exacerbate emotional distress and guilt
  • Trouble sleeping: Sleep problems are widespread and include insomnia, trouble falling asleep, and frequent awakening during the night experiences for individuals with PMDD, further contributing to fatigue, mood disturbances, and overall impairment in functioning
Fact:
Unlike PMS, which usually improves with your period, PMDD symptoms often peak in the days leading up to your period and can even linger for a few days afterward. This extended timeframe can significantly impact daily life.

Conclusion

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe condition that affects women and individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) during their reproductive years. 

It’s more severe than regular Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and requires attention and treatment. 

PMDD can cause physical discomfort like cramps and headaches, as well as mental challenges such as extreme irritability, anxiety, and depression. 

It’s important to deal with both the physical and mental symptoms of PMDD for better care.

With proper care, individuals with PMDD can find relief and improve their quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is PMDD, and what are the symptoms?

PMDD heightens hormone sensitivity pre-menstruation, impacting brain chemicals regulating mood. Emotional symptoms encompass intense irritability, anxiety, depression, mood swings, and hopelessness. Physical symptoms may manifest as cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, and headaches.

How long do PMDD symptoms last?

PMDD symptoms typically last from a few days to two weeks, with the most severe symptoms occurring 6 days before menstruation and peaking 2 days before. Symptoms include mood swings, irritability, fatigue, changes in appetite and sleep, and feeling overwhelmed.

Is PMDD considered a mental health problem?

Yes, PMDD is listed as a mental health problem in the DSM-5 due to the range of mental health symptoms it presents, including depression, suicidal feelings, and anxiety. It is crucial for individuals with PMDD to receive the necessary support and treatment to manage its effects on their lives.

Are there specific hormonal changes linked to PMDD symptoms?

PMDD is associated with heightened sensitivity to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, impacting mood and physical well-being. Factors like genetics, smoking, and stress can influence PMDD symptoms and can affect how severe PMDD symptoms are, showing that PMDD is a complex condition with various factors at play.

Can lifestyle changes help manage PMDD symptoms?

Yes, adopting a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management techniques such as mindfulness or yoga can help alleviate symptoms. Prioritizing sufficient sleep is also crucial for hormonal balance and emotional well-being in individuals with PMDD.

Citations:
WowRx uses only high-quality sources while writing our articles. Please read our content information policy to know more about how we keep our content reliable and trustworthy.