IUD Birth Control: A Guide to Long-Acting Contraception
In today’s world, where reproductive health choices are increasingly diverse and personalized, having a comprehensive understanding of contraceptive options is crucial.
Among many choices, Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) have emerged as a highly effective, long-lasting, and reversible method for preventing pregnancy.
According to the UN, 159 million women in the world use IUDs as a birth control measure.
This article will look at what an IUD birth control is, its types, effectiveness, advantages, and possible side effects.
What is an IUD
An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small contraceptive device placed inside the uterus.
It’s a T-shaped device made of plastic and may contain either copper or hormones, depending on the type.
IUDs are designed to remain in place for several years, offering a hassle-free contraceptive solution for individuals seeking long-term birth control.
Types of IUDs
The two primary types of IUDs are hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs.
Copper IUDs
Paragard is a copper IUD, and it does not contain hormones.
It is wrapped in a small amount of copper, preventing pregnancy for up to 10 years.
Hormonal IUDs
There are many types of hormonal IUDs available on the market.
These IUDs release Progestin (Levonorgestrel) hormone into the uterus, which helps prevent pregnancy.
- Mirena: Works for up to 8 years. It releases Progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and sometimes prevents ovulation
- Kyleena: Works for up to 5 years. Like Mirena, it releases Progestin to thicken cervical mucus and sometimes inhibit ovulation
- Liletta: Works for up to 8 years. It functions similarly to Mirena and Kyleena by releasing Progestin
- Skyla: Works for up to 3 years. Releases Progestin to thicken cervical mucus and potentially prevent ovulation
Know how long IUDs last in detail— Figuring the Duration: How Long Does IUD Last
How IUDs work
These two types of IUDs primarily block the sperm from reaching the eggs, preventing pregnancy.
Copper IUDs
The Paragard IUD utilizes copper, which sperm are opposed to.
This makes it difficult for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg.
Hormonal IUDs
They release Progestin, a synthetic hormone similar to Progesterone.
Progestin thickens cervical mucus, creating a barrier that traps and blocks sperm.
Additionally, it may prevent ovulation, ensuring no egg is available for fertilization.
Effectiveness of IUD
IUD is an effective form of birth control with a success rate of 99%.
This means that fewer than 1 out of 100 individuals experience pregnancy each year while using an IUD.
Unlike other birth control methods, such as condoms or pills, there’s no room for human error with an IUD.
Once it’s inserted, there’s no need to remember to take a daily pill or worry about proper usage during intercourse.
Moreover, IUDs offer long-lasting protection, with durations ranging from 3 to 12 years, depending on the type chosen.
Cost of an IUD
In the US, the cost of an IUD can vary widely, ranging from $0 to $1,300.
Additionally, prices can differ depending on the specific type of IUD chosen.
Overall, the cost typically includes medical exams, insertion of the IUD, and follow-up visits.
Despite potentially higher initial costs than other methods, IUDs often prove cost-effective in the long run due to their long-lasting nature.
IUD insertion
Inserting an Intrauterine Device (IUD) involves an outpatient procedure conducted by a nurse or doctor.
Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Preparation | Medical history reviewed, and STD tests may be conducted. Medication to open and numb the cervix may be given. |
| Positioning | Women lie on the examination table, similar to a pelvic exam. Speculum is then inserted into the vagina to see the cervix. |
| Placement | IUD is carefully placed through the cervix and into the uterus using a special inserter. Typically, it takes less than five minutes. |
| Sensation | Cramping or discomfort during placement lasts a minute or two. |
| Aftercare | Common to experience cramping or backaches. Rest at home, use heating pads or OTC pain medication. |
| Monitoring | Check string periodically for displacement. Monitor signs of expulsion. Use alternate birth control if the IUD falls out. |
| Replacement | Remember the type of IUD and its replacement timeline (3 to 10 years). |
Benefits of IUDs
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) offer a range of benefits, making them a popular choice for contraception among many individuals.
These benefits include:
- High effectiveness: Both copper and hormonal IUDs are over 99% effective in preventing pregnancy
- Long-term protection: Copper IUDs can last up to 10 years, while hormonal IUDs can protect for 3-8 years, reducing the need for frequent replacements
- Compatibility with breastfeeding: IUDs are considered safe to use while breastfeeding, offering a contraceptive option for postpartum individuals
- Independence from medications: IUDs are not affected by medications that may interfere with their efficacy
- Low maintenance: Once inserted, IUDs require minimal effort, with the only routine task being checking the placement of the device’s threads monthly after menstruation
- Reversibility:IUDs can be removed at any time by a professional, and fertility typically returns to normal shortly after removal
- Menstrual regulation: Many users experience lighter and more regular periods, with some individuals having no periods at all
- Reduced menstrual pain: Hormonal IUDs may alleviate menstrual cramps and discomfort for some users, leading to a more comfortable menstrual experience
- Non-hormonal option: Copper IUDs offer contraception without the use of hormones, making them suitable for individuals who prefer hormone-free birth control methods
- Emergency contraception: If inserted within 120 hours (5 days) following unprotected sex, these IUDs are more than 99.9% effective at preventing pregnancy
Possible Side Effects of IUDs
Like with any other birth control method, there are some side effects related to the IUD.
- Initial discomfort: Some individuals may experience cramping or discomfort during and shortly after insertion, although this usually subsides within a few days
- Expulsion: There is a slight risk of the IUD being expelled, especially within the first few months after insertion, which may require reinsertion or alternative contraception
- Changes in menstruation: Both hormonal and copper IUDs can cause changes in period bleeding patterns, including spotting, heavier bleeding, or irregular periods
- Minor side effects: Users may experience minor side effects such as breast tenderness, headaches, skin changes, or mood swings, which often resolve with continued use
Complications associated with IUD
IUDs are an effective form of birth control, but they carry potential risks.
These complications with IUDs include:
- Perforation, where an IUD becomes embedded in the uterus wall. You might need surgical intervention, specifically a laparoscopy, to remove it
- There is a possibility of infection following insertion. It’s essential for individuals considering an IUD to discuss any history of pelvic infections with their healthcare provider
- If pregnancy does occur when an IUD is in place, there is an increased chance of ectopic pregnancy (when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus)
Health considerations before using IUDs
Before opting for an Intrauterine Device (IUD), individuals should consider various health factors and conditions that may influence its suitability.
Certain anatomical factors or medical conditions may pose challenges or increase risks associated with IUD insertion.
- If you have a pelvic infection or had a pelvic infection in the past three months
- Individuals treated for Breast Cancer and have severe liver disease
- Women having heavy periods, low iron levels, or Endometriosis
- Wilson’s disease
- Abortion in the past three months
- Cervical and Uterus cancer
Conclusion
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) offer individuals a highly effective, long-lasting, and reversible option for preventing pregnancy.
With two main types available—copper and hormonal IUDs, they cater to diverse needs and preferences.
Moreover, IUDs provide benefits beyond contraception, including menstrual regulation, reduced menstrual pain, and compatibility with breastfeeding.
However, it’s essential to acknowledge potential side effects like cramping, breast tenderness, headaches, mood swings, and changes in menstruation.
Before opting for an IUD, individuals should carefully consider their health status and discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider.
IUDs remain a widely embraced contraceptive option, offering individuals autonomy and peace of mind in managing their reproductive health.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does IUD protect against STDs?
No, an Intrauterine Device (IUD) does not protect against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). IUDs are solely designed to prevent pregnancy by either releasing hormones or creating a physical barrier in the uterus.
Do you get a period with an IUD?
Whether or not you get a period with an IUD depends on the type of IUD you have. Some hormonal IUDs can cause periods to become lighter, shorter, or even stop altogether in some cases. However, non-hormonal IUDs (copper IUDs) typically do not affect the menstrual cycle.
Is it painful to get an IUD?
The experience of getting an IUD inserted can vary from person to person. Some individuals may experience discomfort or cramping during the insertion procedure, while others may find it more painful. Healthcare providers may offer pain relief options like local anesthesia or recommend taking over-the-counter pain medication before the procedure.
Can an IUD lead to infertility?
IUDs do not lead to infertility. Once the IUD is removed, fertility typically returns to normal, allowing individuals to conceive if they desire. However, there are potential risks associated with IUD, like the rare possibility of infection or perforation of the uterus during insertion. These complications could potentially impact fertility.
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