Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a prevalent sexual issue characterized by a lack of interest or a significantly low sex drive.

This condition may be chronic or develop over time, manifesting as a constant concern or occurring in specific situations. 

According to a study in NCBI, around one in ten women may experience HSDD, making it one of the more common female sexual difficulties. 

This article explores the potential causes and various treatment options tailored to the individual’s circumstances.

Symptoms of HSDD

The symptoms of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder are characterized as: 

  • Lack of sexual thoughts: Individuals with HSDD experience minimal to no thoughts or fantasies related to sexual activities
  • Loss of desire during sexual activity: There’s a decrease or complete loss of sexual desire or arousal during sexual encounters, leading to disinterest or aversion
  • Unresponsiveness to sexual signals: They do not respond to their partner’s sexual cues, suggestions, or advances
  • Avoidance of sexual activity: They might actively avoid engaging in sexual activities altogether due to a lack of desire or interest
Fact:
According to NCBI, the prevalence of HSDD was 8.9% among individuals aged 18 to 44 years, 12.3% among those aged 45 to 64 years, and 7.4% in women aged 65 years or older.

Causes of HSDD

Depression
Depressed man

HSDD can arise from a combination of physical, psychological, and environmental factors. 

Some common psychological factors include:

  • Anxiety or depression
  • Relationship problems
  • Body image issues
  • Stress and tiredness
  • Past sexual abuse or trauma

Besides psychological factors, physical factors also play a role in Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. 

These factors are:

  • Low sex hormone levels
  • Medical conditions such as cancer, Diabetes, heart problems, Multiple Sclerosis, or bladder issues
  • Medications like antidepressants, blood pressure drugs, chemotherapy, and hormone therapies
  • Menopause or recent pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

Diagnosis of HSDD

The diagnosis of HSDD involves a thorough sexual history and the use of screening tools such as the Decreased Sexual Desire Screener. 

This validated instrument consists of five “yes-no” questions, confirming the diagnosis of generalized acquired HSDD.

The screener is a quick, effective tool that requires no specific training to administer and is useful for initiating a dialogue between patients and physicians.

Treatment options for HSDD

Communication skills between couple
Open communication between partners

If individuals suspect they have HSDD, seeking guidance from healthcare professionals is crucial. 

A comprehensive assessment may include discussions about overall health, specific concerns, and sexual history. 

Some lifestyle changes can vastly improve the libido in individuals, and these changes include:

  • Kegel exercises to improve blood flow and genital sensation
  • Open communication with partners about sexual preferences
  • Exploring sexual pleasure through pornographic material
  • Masturbation, potentially using vibrators or sex toys
  • Limiting alcohol consumption and quitting smoking or drug use
  • Stress reduction through techniques like meditation and breathing exercises
  • Regular exercise to enhance mood and energy levels
Warning:
Pursuing lifestyle changes for HSDD is a trial-and-error process with no guaranteed outcomes, unlike medications. So, consult healthcare professionals before making any significant adjustments.

Medical interventions may be necessary if the condition is persistent. 

Some medications and therapies which can manage HSDD include: 

  • Flibanserin (Addyi): A daily pill for premenopausal individuals designed to increase sexual desire
  • Bremelanotide: An emerging treatment option for HSDD
  • Estrogen: Available in the form of a ring, cream, or tablet for menopausal individuals, improving vaginal muscle strength and blood flow
  • Testosterone therapy: This includes gel application for postmenopausal individuals and can be considered under medical supervision

Seeking the expertise of a counselor specializing in sex and relationship issues can be beneficial. 

Psychotherapy methods include: 

  • Behavior therapy focuses on communication skills, education, and sensate focus exercises
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) challenges unrealistic beliefs, contributing to low sexual desire
  • Mindfulness-based CBT increases awareness of the present moment, minimizing distractions during sexual activity

Conclusion

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is the lack of interest in sexual activity or having a low sex drive.

HSDD’s causes are diverse, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, medical conditions, medications, and hormonal changes. 

The diagnostic process involves a thorough sexual history and tools like the Decreased Sexual Desire Screener.

The treatment of HSDD includes lifestyle changes, open communication with partners, stress reduction techniques, and healthy habits.

Medical interventions like Flibanserin, Bremelanotide, and Estrogen therapy offer additional options tailored to specific circumstances. 

A holistic approach towards physical, psychological, and environmental factors is key to managing HSDD effectively and enhancing overall sexual well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can men suffer from HSDD?

Yes, men can experience Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. HSDD is a persistent or recurrent lack of interest in sexual activity, causing distress or interpersonal difficulties. While it has historically been more commonly associated with women, research has shown that men can also be affected by HSDD. 

Is HSDD curable?

HSDD can be treated and managed by addressing underlying causes. Addressing relationship issues, managing stress, or addressing any hormonal imbalances can help. Additionally, therapy, both individual and couples, can be beneficial. In some cases, medication may be prescribed, such as Testosterone therapy for men or certain medications for women. 

How long does HSDD last?

The duration of HSDD varies, and some individuals may experience it for a specific period due to temporary factors like stress or relationship issues. In contrast, others may have a more chronic and persistent form of HSDD. Seeking professional help with the underlying causes and appropriate interventions.

Is HSDD asexual?

HSDD and asexuality are distinct concepts. HSDD refers to a decrease or absence of sexual desire who previously experienced desire. Asexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by a lack of sexual attraction. People with HSDD may have had sexual desire in the past, while asexual individuals do not experience sexual attraction.

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