HPV Symptoms: What to Watch for and Why?
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of related viruses comprising more than 200 different types.
A recent publication in The Lancet Global Health reveals that nearly one-third of men aged 15 and older carry an infection of at least one type of genital HPV.
In addition to this, some types of HPV are associated with the potential to cause cancer.
Given this association, understanding these symptoms is paramount for early intervention and preventive measures.
Read along as we talk in detail about HPV symptoms and the link of this infection to cancer.
Common HPV symptoms
The challenge with HPV lies in the fact that many infections, particularly those caused by high-risk types, are asymptomatic.
Individuals may unknowingly carry and transmit the virus without experiencing any visible signs.
However, it is important that when they appear, we recognize them as HPV symptoms.
Genital warts
The most recognizable symptom of HPV infection is the development of genital warts.
These warts can appear as small, flesh-colored growths or clusters with a cauliflower-like texture.
Genital warts may be painless, but they can also be itchy, tender, or cause discomfort.
They can vary in size and shape, appearing as small, raised, or flat growths with a cauliflower-like texture.
Genital warts can occur on the vulva, cervix, and vagina in women and on the penis, scrotum, and anus in men.
It’s important to note that not everyone infected with HPV will develop visible warts.
Other warts
Apart from the genitals, warts can appear on other body parts as well.
Some of them are discussed here:
- Common warts: They are round, raised bumps that can be found on the hands and fingers. In certain cases, they might be painful or prone to injury or bleeding
- Plantar warts: They are hard and grainy growths that usually appear on the balls or heels of your feet
- Flat warts: These lesions are flat at the top and slightly raised. They can appear anywhere on the body but are typically seen in the beard area on men and on the face of children
Respiratory Papillomatosis
Respiratory Papillomatosis is a rare manifestation of HPV infection, particularly types 6 and 11.
It involves the growth of warts in the airways, which can lead to respiratory difficulties, leading to symptoms such as hoarseness, difficulty breathing, and persistent coughing.
While more common in children, it can affect individuals of any age.
Oral HPV symptoms
Oral HPV is caused by the same virus that causes HPV but manifests differently.
Visible warts in the oral cavity are relatively rare compared to genital warts.
They may develop due to oral sex with an infected partner.
Warts may appear as small, raised growths, similar to those seen in genital warts, and can occur on the lips, tongue, tonsils, or other areas of the mouth.
HPV infections can also affect the mouth and throat and lead to the development of Oropharyngeal cancer.
Symptoms may include persistent sore throat, a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, or ear pain.
Link to cancer
Persistent infection with certain types, such as HPV 16 and 18, substantially increases the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Regular pap smears or HPV tests are essential for early detection, allowing for timely intervention to prevent the progression of cancer.
Aside from cervical cancer, HPV is also associated with other cancers, including:
- Vulvar cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Penile cancer
- Anal cancer
- Oropharyngeal cancer
The absence of visible symptoms in many high-risk HPV infections underscores the importance of regular screenings and vaccination to reduce the risk of these potentially severe outcomes.
Conclusion
HPV, with over 200 types, often remains asymptomatic, emphasizing the need for vigilant screenings.
Recognizing visible symptoms, such as genital warts and other warts, is crucial, as they may indicate high-risk infections.
Respiratory Papillomatosis is another symptom of HPV, which may manifest as difficulty breathing or hoarseness of the voice.
Oral HPV can be seen in the form of sores on the tongue, throat, lips, or mouth region.
Persistent HPV infection is linked to including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal.
Regular screenings, including Pap smears and HPV tests, play a vital role in early detection.
With 80% of women contracting HPV, awareness and proactive healthcare measures are essential.
Read Navigating HPV Treatment: A Comprehensive Guide for a better understanding of how to treat this infection.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the symptoms of HPV in females?
HPV symptoms in females may include genital warts, abnormal Pap smear results, or, in cases of high-risk strains, potential development of cervical cancer. However, many infections are asymptomatic, emphasizing the importance of regular screenings.
Can HPV be cured?
There is no cure for HPV, but vaccines are effective preventive measures. The immune system often clears the virus naturally, while treatments focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications like cancer.
Who is at risk for HPV?
Anyone who engages in sexual activity, or is involved with multiple partners is at risk for HPV. Young adults, those with multiple sexual partners, and individuals with weak immune systems face a higher risk of infection.
What kills the HPV virus?
While there is no direct cure, the immune system can often clear the HPV virus. Vaccination, safe sexual practices, and maintaining a healthy immune system are crucial for preventing and managing HPV infections.
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