Choosing the right form of birth control is a crucial decision for women, and it becomes even more significant when high blood pressure is a factor. 

Many Estrogen-containing birth control methods have been associated with high blood pressure. 

These methods include such as the birth control patch, combined hormonal birth control pills, and the vaginal ring.

According to the Journal of the American Heart Association, 5% of oral contraceptive users get Hypertension. 

This article will examine the connection between birth control and high blood pressure. 

Can birth control cause high blood pressure

The connection between blood pressure and birth control is that Estrogen, a hormone present in certain contraceptives, can elevate blood pressure. 

Elevated blood pressure poses an increased risk of stroke and heart attack, particularly for women with pre-existing Hypertension. 

While the actual likelihood of these severe outcomes remains low, it’s essential to consider potential risks. 

Risk factors

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Risk factors for developing Hypertension while using birth control pills include:

  • Family history of Hypertension: A genetic predisposition to high blood pressure can heighten susceptibility
  • Preexisting or occult renal disease: Kidney issues, whether known or undiagnosed, can contribute to increased risk
  • Parity: The number of pregnancies a woman has had (parity) may influence the susceptibility to Hypertension while on birth control pills
  • Obesity: Higher body weight or obesity can exacerbate the effects of Estrogen-containing contraceptives on blood pressure
  • Age: Advanced age, especially over 35, can increase the risk due to changes in hormonal sensitivity and overall health considerations
Fact:
According to a study, for every 5 years of using oral contraceptives, there is a 13% risk of developing Hypertension. This means the more someone uses birth control pills, the higher the risk of developing Hypertension.  

Guidelines on Estrogen-containing birth control

If a woman has high blood pressure, the decision to use birth control containing Estrogen should be carefully considered based on specific factors. 

The recommendations suggest using birth control containing Estrogen:

  • If a woman is 35 years old or younger
  • If she has well-controlled blood pressure
  • If she is generally healthy

In such cases, it is advisable to have a doctor check blood pressure 2-4 weeks after starting Estrogen-containing birth control. 

Alternative birth control methods

For women unable to use birth control containing Estrogen, there are various alternatives, both hormonal and non-hormonal options. 

Warning:
The use of the birth control shot (Depo-Provera) should also be avoided if a woman is old, has or has high blood pressure, as it may increase cholesterol and increase the risk of stroke.

These options include:

  • Non-hormonal methods: Copper Intrauterine device (IUD), condoms (for men or women), cervical cap, and diaphragm
Recommended Article
To know about the non-hormonal options in detail, read Exploring Non Hormonal Birth Control Options: A Comprehensive Guide. 
  • Progestin-only hormonal methods: The minipill, birth control implant, or hormonal IUD
  • Most reliable forms: Sterilization for women or men

Conclusion

For women with well-controlled blood pressure and under 35 years old, Estrogen-containing birth control might be an option.

However, for those over 35 with uncontrolled Hypertension, avoiding Estrogen-based contraceptives is advisable due to increased health risks.

Fortunately, several alternative birth control methods exist, including non-hormonal options like copper IUDs and condoms and Progestin-only hormonal methods such as the minipill. 

These options provide effective choices for women who cannot use Estrogen-containing contraceptives. 

Understanding the risks of high blood pressure and various contraceptive options can help in making informed choices.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can birth control pills raise blood pressure?

Yes, birth control pills can potentially raise blood pressure, particularly in some individuals. Estrogen, a hormone present in certain birth control pills, can contribute to elevated blood pressure, especially in women who are sensitive to hormonal changes. However, not everyone experiences this effect. 

Should I stop taking birth control if my blood pressure is high?

If you have high blood pressure, discussing this with your healthcare provider is essential. They will examine the blood pressure elevation and consider whether your birth control method might cause Hypertension. Depending on individual circumstances, your healthcare provider might recommend switching to a different form of birth control. 

Will blood pressure go down after stopping birth control?

For some individuals, blood pressure might decrease after stopping contraceptive pills, particularly if the elevation was due to the hormonal effects of Estrogen. However, this isn’t guaranteed for everyone. Various factors beyond birth control can influence blood pressure changes, such as diet, exercise, stress, and underlying health conditions. 

Is it safe to be on birth control after 35?

For many women, it can be safe to use birth control after the age of 35, but Estrogen-containing birth control methods might pose a higher risk. However, the choice of birth control method might change due to health concerns like high blood pressure, smoking, or a history of blood clots. 

Citations:
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