Choosing a contraceptive method is a highly personal decision, influenced by factors such as effectiveness and potential side effects. 

In recent times, the copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) has gained popularity among those seeking a non-hormonal contraceptive alternative.

This article delves into deciphering copper IUD pros and cons, offering a thorough overview to empower individuals to make informed decisions regarding their reproductive health. 

Navigating the varied landscape of contraceptive options requires a comprehensive understanding of both the benefits and drawbacks associated with copper IUDs.

Pros of IUD

Exploring the decision to have a device inserted into the vagina and uterus prompts numerous questions. 

Under the guidance of your ON-GYN, your role is to assess whether the advantages of the copper IUD, also known as ParaGards, outweigh any potential drawbacks.

Beginning with the positive aspects, according to Kelly Culwell, MD, a board-certified ON-GYN in Sacramento, California, copper IUD has notable pros.

These include its long-acting nature, eliminating the need for daily, weekly, or monthly actions.

Moreover, it serves as a non-hormonal option, catering to individuals who prefer or need to avoid hormones due to side effects or health concerns.

Transitioning to a comparison with hormonal IUDs, let’s delve into the specific benefits of the copper IUD.

Lasts long

When considering long-lasting contraception, the copper IUD stands out as a top choice. 

According to the Mayo Clinic, it is classified as a long-acting method capable of preventing pregnancy for up to 10 years.

In contrast, hormonal IUDs are typically recommended for a duration of three to seven years, depending on the brand. 

Fact:
Importantly, the flexibility to have any ParaGard (non-hormonal IUD) removed earlier is advantageous, particularly for those who may decide to pursue pregnancy. 

Furthermore, fertility returns almost immediately after IUD removal, making this method an excellent choice for birth control if the desire for pregnancy arises.

Sensitive to hormones

sad woman
Woman suffering from mood swings

For many individuals utilising a hormonal IUD, the typical hormonal side effects linked to combination birth control pills that consist of Estrogen and Progestin are generally not observed. 

However, Dr. Culwell points out that individuals especially sensitive to hormones might still experience side effects, such as mood changes. 

In such cases, opting for the non-hormonal copper IUD could be the most suitable choice.

Efficacy

The effectiveness of hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs is comparable. 

The copper IUD demonstrates remarkable efficacy, being over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. 

However, research from 2014, published in the journal American Family Physician, indicates that the copper IUD has a failure rate ranging from 0.6% to 0.8%. 

This translates to fewer than one out of 100 individuals experiencing pregnancy in the first year of using the copper IUD/ParaGard, reflecting a remarkably high success rate.

Emergency contraception

Another distinctive advantage of the copper IUD is its potential use as emergency contraception.

It effectively prevents pregnancy with nearly 100% efficacy after unprotected penis-in-vagina sex. 

However, there is a caveat – for optimal effectiveness, it needs to be inserted within five days after unprotected intercourse, as outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 

Furthermore, both the copper IUD and hormonal IUDs can be easily removed, making them an excellent choice if prioritizing pregnancy becomes a consideration.

Cons of IUD

Everything in life comes with its own pros & cons. 

Similarly, there are some cons of copper IUDs, 

Must be inserted by your OB/GYN specialist

Purchasing an IUD or ParaGard at the drugstore is not an option; it requires placement by your OB/GYN specialist, a procedure that typically takes only a few minutes. 

Warning:
Following insertion, you may encounter some cramping. Over-the-counter painkillers are generally effective in providing relief. 

If persistent pain occurs, consult your OB/GYN specialist to explore alternative birth control methods after IUD removal.

It can come out

While occurrences are rare, IUDs have the potential to “get lost” in the uterus or partially slip into the vagina. 

Monitoring the placement of your IUD involves regularly checking for the presence of short strings that extend into your vagina.

Initial discomfort & bleeding

Painful and frequent urination
Woman suffering from discomfort due to coper IUD

Some women may experience discomfort and spotting during the initial weeks or months following the insertion of a copper IUD. 

Although these symptoms typically diminish over time, they can be considered a drawback for individuals seeking immediate comfort.

No protection against Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The IUD functions by establishing an environment within your uterus that is unfavourable for sperm and conception. 

Depending on the type of ParaGard, this may involve thinning of the uterine lining, thickening of cervical mucus, or cessation of ovulation.

However, it’s crucial to note that the IUD does not prevent semen and sperm from entering your vagina and uterus during ejaculation. 

If you engage in sexual activity with someone who has a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), there is a risk of infection.

In cases where you or your partner are at risk for STDs, it is advisable to use a condom alongside your IUD consistently.

Conclusion

Copper IUDs are a highly effective and hormone-free contraceptive option, offering long-term protection with quick reversibility. 

However, individuals considering this method should weigh the potential drawbacks, such as increased menstrual bleeding and the risk of expulsion or perforation. 

Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial to determine if a copper IUD is the right choice based on individual health, lifestyle, and preferences. 

Ultimately, understanding the pros and cons lets individuals decide their reproductive health.

Recommended Article
Do you want to know the difference between IUD and a birth control pill?
Read the article Decoding Contraception: IUD vs Birth Control Pill.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do people not like the copper IUD?

Some individuals dislike the copper IUD due to potential side effects such as increased menstrual bleeding and cramping. The device’s non-hormonal nature, while appealing to those opposed to hormones, may lead to discomfort for some, influencing their preference for alternative contraceptive methods.

Can a copper IUD be harmful?

While generally safe, copper IUDs may cause side effects such as heavier periods and increased cramping. Rarely, complications like perforation or expulsion may occur. It’s essential to discuss potential risks with a healthcare provider before considering a copper IUD.

Does a copper IUD cause weight gain?

The National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health reviewed various studies on weight gain and copper IUDs. Their conclusion is that there is no evidence indicating that IUDs impact weight.

Who should not use copper IUD?

Your healthcare provider might advise against using ParaGard if you have uterine abnormalities, like large fibroids, that hinder the proper placement or retention of ParaGard; experience a pelvic infection, such as Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; or have a history of uterine or Cervical Cancer.

Citations:
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