A Comprehensive Guide to IUD Types: Finding Your Ideal Contraceptive

In recent years, Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) have gained popularity as a highly effective and reversible form of contraception. 

These small, T-shaped devices are inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy and offer a long-term solution for individuals seeking reliable birth control. 

There are mainly two types of IUDs: hormonal and copper. 

Both the IUD types operate on distinct mechanisms to prevent pregnancy. 

In this article, we will delve into each type’s functioning, characteristics, similarities, dissimilarities, and costs.

We will also discuss the parameters for which IUD is the best for you. So, let’s begin!

Different types of IUD

There are mainly two types of IUDs. Here’s a brief description of each of the IUD types functioning:

Hormonal IUDs

Hormonal IUDs work by releasing a steady, low dose of synthetic Progestin into the uterus. 

Progestin is a synthetic form of the hormone Progesterone, and its primary functions include thickening cervical mucus and stopping eggs from leaving your ovaries. 

The combined effect of these actions creates an environment in which fertilization and implantation become highly difficult.

Copper IUDs

Copper IUDs, on the other hand, work through a non-hormonal mechanism. 

The device is wrapped with a layer of copper wire.

The coiled copper wire on the device induces an inflammatory response that is harmful to both sperm and eggs, thereby acting as a deterrent to pregnancy.

Hormonal IUD options

Here are four hormonal IUDs that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA):

Mirena

Mirena was the first hormonal IUD approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2000. 

Here is a summary of its key characteristics as listed by the FDA:

• Active ingredient: Mirena contains Levonorgestrel, a synthetic Progestin similar to Progesterone
• Duration of protection: Mirena provides effective contraception for up to eight years
• Additional benefits: Apart from contraception, Mirena is often prescribed to manage conditions such as heavy menstrual bleeding
• Size and insertion: Mirena is a standard-sized hormonal IUD and is inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional during a simple office procedure

Kyleena

Kyleena, another hormonal IUD used for birth control, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in September 2016.

Here are its key characteristics as listed by the FDA:

• Active ingredient: Like Mirena, Kyleena also contains Levonorgestrel
• Duration of protection: Kyleena offers contraceptive protection for up to five years
• Smaller size: Kyleena is a smaller hormonal IUD, making it a preferred choice for individuals who may find a smaller device more comfortable

Skyla

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Skyla in January 2013. 

Here are some of the key characteristics as listed by the FDA:

• Active ingredient: Skyla, similar to Mirena, releases Levonorgestrel
• Duration of protection: Skyla provides contraceptive protection for up to three years
• Size and insertion: With its smaller size, Skyla is often considered a more comfortable option during insertion

Liletta

Liletta, another hormonal Intrauterine Device, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in February 2015. 

Here are its key characteristics as mentioned by the FDA:

• Active ingredient: Liletta also contains Levonorgestrel, making it a hormonal IUD with a proven track record
• Duration of protection: Liletta provides effective contraception for up to six years
• Affordability: Liletta is often praised for its affordability, making it an accessible option for many women

FDA-approved Copper IUD

The only FDA-approved Copper IUD is Paragard. 

It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1984. 

Here are the key characteristics that make Paragard stand out:

• Hormone-free: For individuals who prefer a contraceptive option without hormonal influences, Paragard provides a hormone-free solution
• Duration of protection: Paragard stands out for its extended duration of protection, offering contraceptive coverage for up to ten years
• Cost-effective option: Paragard is often considered a cost-effective contraceptive option, especially when considering its extended duration of protection

Similarities between copper and hormonal IUDs

Copper and hormonal Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) share commonalities as effective, reversible forms of contraception. 

Both types are T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus by healthcare professionals. 
They offer long-term protection, reducing the need for frequent attention. 

Additionally, both copper and hormonal IUDs are reversible, allowing for a prompt return to fertility upon removal. 

Dissimilarities between hormonal and copper IUDs

Copper and hormonal Intrauterine Devices differ in their mechanisms and effects. 

As discussed above, copper IUDs induces an inflammatory response that is harmful to both sperm and eggs, thereby acting as a deterrent to pregnancy. 

In contrast, hormonal IUDs release synthetic Progestin, thickening cervical mucus and stopping eggs from leaving your ovaries.  

While copper IUDs are hormone-free, hormonal IUDs influence hormonal balance. 

Additionally, copper IUDs may lead to increased menstrual bleeding and cramps, while hormonal IUDs may cause hormonal side effects like changes in mood and breast tenderness. 

What type of IUD should I get

The choice between a copper and hormonal Intrauterine Device depends on individual preferences, health considerations, and specific contraceptive goals. 

If you prefer a hormone-free option and are comfortable with the potential for increased menstrual bleeding, a copper IUD, like Paragard, may be suitable. 

It provides long-term protection without hormonal side effects and is reversible upon removal.

On the other hand, if you seek a contraceptive with additional benefits, such as reduced menstrual symptoms and a potential decrease in bleeding, a hormonal IUD like Mirena, Kyleena, Skyla, or Liletta might be a better fit. 

Hormonal IUDs are available in various sizes and hormonal dosages, offering customization to accommodate individual needs.

Consulting with a healthcare provider is crucial to determine the most appropriate choice. 

They can provide personalized guidance, discuss potential side effects, and ensure the selected IUD aligns with your unique circumstances.

Cost of an IUD

The cost of hormonal and copper IUDs in the USA can vary depending on factors such as the specific brand, location, healthcare provider, and insurance coverage. 

On average, the cost of an IUD can range from $0 to $1,300. 

It’s important to note that this estimate is a general range, and actual costs can be influenced by individual circumstances.

Health insurance coverage often plays a significant role in reducing out-of-pocket expenses for IUDs. 

Many insurance plans cover the cost of the device and the insertion procedure, making it more accessible and affordable for individuals with insurance coverage.

Individuals should consult their healthcare provider and check with their insurance company for the most accurate and up-to-date cost information to understand the specific coverage details. 

Healthcare providers may also offer information on available financial assistance programs for those without insurance or with high out-of-pocket costs.

Conclusion

Understanding the various IUD types is essential for individuals seeking a reliable and personalized contraceptive solution. 

The two primary IUD types, hormonal and copper, operate through distinct mechanisms, offering effective and reversible contraception. 

There are various FDA-approved hormonal IUDs, including Mirena, Kyleena, Skyla, and Liletta, along with the only FDA-approved copper IUD, Paragard. 

Understanding the similarities and dissimilarities between these options aids in making an informed decision. 

Individual needs, health considerations, and contraceptive goals should guide the choice between hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs. 

Consulting with a healthcare professional is essential to ensure personalized guidance and alignment with unique circumstances. 

Additionally, factors like cost, insurance coverage, and available financial assistance programs play an important role in making IUDs accessible and affordable.

Frequently Asked Questions

• plannedparenthood.org
• accessdata.fda.gov