Unveiling PCOS in Men: A Rare Disorder Worth Understanding
You may have heard about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) from your friends or relatives.
But one sure thing is that you must have noticed that all these people who have this hormonal disorder are female.
So does this mean that PCOS in men doesn’t exist?
The answer is no. Although it is rare, PCOS in men does exist.
This article will discuss this rare disorder in males and tell you about what it is, its symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
What is PCOS in men
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Men (PCOSM) is a rare endocrine disorder.
It is hard to diagnose in men, as the prime symptom is irregular periods that occur in females and is absent in males.
Moreover, the other symptoms of PCOSM are very similar to other common conditions or diseases men face.
Thus, there is minimal research related to this topic.
However, since the primary defect underlying PCOS may be an endocrine or metabolic disturbance rather than a defect in the ovaries, studies speculate that this disorder can also arise in men.
And that the absence of polycystic ovaries in men should not eliminate the diagnosis.
But still, more research is needed to learn about this disorder thoroughly.
PCOS symptoms in men
Some studies have stated that PCOSM is characterized by hormonal imbalances similar to those seen in women with PCOS.
Thus, the symptoms are similar to that seen in women. It includes:
Androgenetic Alopecia
Early-onset of Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is seen in men with PCOS. It refers to premature and progressive hair loss.
AGA is primarily caused by the excessive production of Androgens, such as Testosterone, in men with PCOSM.
These Androgens bind to hair follicle receptors, leading to the miniaturization of hair follicles and subsequent hair thinning and loss.
Androgenetic Alopecia often presents as a receding hairline, thinning at the crown, or a combination of both.
The interplay between hormonal imbalances and genetic factors contributes to this type of hair loss in PCOS in men.
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth, known as Hirsutism, is usually in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Women have dark, coarse hair growth in the following areas:
- Face
- Chest
- Back
- Abdomen
- Neck
Similarly, males also have excessive hair growth, known as Hypertrichosis in PCOSM.
It is characterized by abnormal and excessive hair growth in areas such as the face, chest, back, and limbs.
Hypertrichosis can significantly impact the self-esteem and quality of life of individuals with PCOSM.
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance is a common metabolic feature observed in individuals with PCOSM.
It refers to a condition in which the body’s cells become less responsive to the hormone Insulin, resulting in elevated Insulin levels in the bloodstream.
Insulin resistance in PCOSM may lead to various complications, such as:
- Obesity
- Difficulty in losing weight
- Increased risk of type 2 Diabetes
- Cardiovascular problems
Causes of PCOS in men
The exact causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in men are not yet fully understood.
However, several factors are believed to contribute to the development of PCOSM.
- Genetic factors are thought to be involved, as PCOSM tends to run in the women members of families. First-degree relatives of patients with PCOS may be at a higher risk of developing it
- Hormonal imbalances, specifically the elevated levels of Androgens, may play a significant role
- Environmental factors, including lifestyle and dietary choices, may also contribute to the development of PCOSM
However, further research is needed to comprehensively understand the specific causes and mechanisms behind PCOSM in men.
Treatment options
The management of PCOSM focuses on addressing the symptoms and underlying hormonal imbalances. Treatment options may include:
Insulin-sensitizing drugs
Insulin-sensitizing medication, such as Metformin, is usually used to treat PCOS in women.
This medication functions by assisting in the restoration of the body’s Insulin response.
It works by reducing blood sugar production by the liver and decreasing the absorption of sugar by the intestines or stomach.
In this way, it aids in weight loss, indirectly preventing obesity.
But one common question many people ask is—does Metformin lower Testosterone in men with PCOS?
The answer is yes, it does.
However, there are not many studies to prove the level at which it decreases this hormone to cause severe side effects.
Anti-Androgen medication
Anti-Androgen medication is sometimes prescribed to men with PCOS to help manage the hormonal imbalances associated with the condition.
These drugs work by blocking or reducing the effects of Androgens in the body.
This medication can help alleviate symptoms like excessive hair growth by inhibiting the action of Androgens.
Anti-Androgen medications for PCOS in men may include Spironolactone (Aldactone).
It is important to note that the use of it should be carefully monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure appropriate dosing and to monitor for any potential side effects.
Lifestyle modifications
Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in managing PCOS.
Here are some key changes that can be beneficial:
- Healthy diet: Adopting a balanced diet with an emphasis on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help regulate Insulin levels and promote overall well-being
- Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercises, strength training, and cardiovascular workouts, can help improve Insulin sensitivity, manage weight, and reduce symptoms of PCOSM
PCOS in trans men
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome can also affect transgender men, commonly known as trans men.
PCOS in trans men refers to the presence of PCOS symptoms and hormonal imbalances in individuals who have transitioned or are in the process of transitioning to male.
A study was conducted on 21 female-to-male (FTM) transsexual persons aged 17-37.
The results stated that 12 out of 21 FTM trans participants were diagnosed with PCOS.
More research is needed to explore PCOS in trans men in detail.
Takeaway
While Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is commonly associated with women, it is crucial to recognize that PCOS in men does exist.
The lack of ovaries in men makes it challenging to diagnose PCOSM, and the symptoms often overlap with other common conditions.
However, studies suggest hormonal imbalances and metabolic disturbances may contribute to PCOSM.
Symptoms such as Androgenetic Alopecia, Hypertrichosis, and Insulin resistance are observed in men with PCOS.
Although limited research is available, treatment options for PCOSM may include Insulin-sensitizing drugs, anti-Androgen medication, and lifestyle modifications.
Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of PCOS in men and also in transgender men.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can men have PCOS?
Yes, men can have PCOS. Although it is rarer than PCOS in women. While men do not have ovaries, they can experience hormonal imbalances and symptoms similar to those seen in women with PCOS, such as Androgenetic Alopecia, Hypertrichosis, and Insulin resistance. More research is required to know this disorder’s mechanism thoroughly.
What to do if my partner has PCOS?
If your partner has PCOS, being supportive and understanding is essential. Encourage them to seek medical advice and treatment from healthcare professionals specializing in PCOS. Help them make healthy lifestyle choices, such as maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress. Offer emotional support and be patient during their journey.
How can I control my male hormones with PCOS?
Controlling male hormones in PCOS may involve medications such as anti-Androgens or Insulin-sensitizing drugs prescribed by a healthcare professional. Lifestyle changes like maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise can also help regulate hormone levels of PCOS in males.
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